Jordan+N.

"Jack London." //Www.kirjasto.sci.fi//. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. <[]>.
 * 1) Prolific American novelist and short story writer
 * 2) Works dealt with the overwhelming power of nature and struggle of survival
 * 3) Identification with wilderness has made him popular
 * 4) Born in San Fransisco
 * 5) Was deserted by his father "professer" William Henry Chaney
 * 6) Left school at 14
 * 7) Worked as a seaman, rode in freight trains as a hobo and adopted socialistic views as a member of the protest armies of the unemployed
 * 8) 1894 he was arrested in Niagara Falls and jailed for vagrancy
 * 9) These years made him determined to raise himself out of poverty
 * 10) Also gave later material for such works as The Sea wolf, which was partly based on his horrific experiences as a sailor in the Pacific Ocean.
 * 11) The Sea wolf was written in 1904
 * 12) Remainder of 1898 London again tried to earn his living by writing
 * 13) Early stories appeared in the Overland Monthly and Atlantic Monthly
 * 14) 1900 he married Elisabeth (Bess) Maddern
 * 15) Their home became a battle field between Bess and London's mother Flora
 * 16) Left his wife and kids 3 years after he got married
 * 17) Spent alot of time in public libraries
 * 18) Read fiction, philosophy, poetry, political science
 * 19) At the age of 19 gained admittance to the University of California in Berkeley
 * 20) Remarried to Charmian Kittredge
 * 21) Was an editor and outdoorswoman

"Call of the Wild Background | GradeSaver." //Study Guides & Essay Editing | GradeSaver//. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. [].
 * 1) Jack London spent a single winter in the Canadian North during the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897-1898.
 * 2) Claimed to have come upon a mythic wolf in Canada
 * 3) Wolf inspired Buck
 * 4) The journey to the Klondike by ship was so dangerous that many threw supplies overboard to lighten the load.
 * 5) Once the ships had landed, the journey grew no easier.
 * 6) Numerous memoirs and diaries remain from the men and women who toiled over the icy trail in that year.
 * 7) The town of Dawson became the heart of the Gold Rush
 * 8) In 1886, Captain Moore, a citizen of Canada who had been prospecting for gold in the Canadian northwest, discovered a trail he called the "White Pass.
 * 9) This trail allowed for the transportation of supplies, correspondence, and men into the Alaskan interior, and it lead directly to Dawson.
 * 10) Whether or not London was speaking of a true encounter, his experiences with the Gold Rush provided the inspiration for a tale of resilience and exploration.
 * 11) Much of the story takes place in Alaska, traveling between Dawson and Skagway.
 * 12) The discovery of gold prompted a mass exodus to the Klondike, where gold was hypothetically free for the taking.
 * 13) London was clearly influenced by several important philosophers and scientists during the writing of The Call of the Wild
 * 14) Their accounts of the journey between Skaguay and Dawson are the best source of what life was like on an expedition.
 * 15) Writings speak of rugged canyons, boldly ascending mountains, and projecting cliffs.
 * 16) Jack London borrowed money from his sister to make the trip.
 * 17) On one hand he was spurred on by poverty, for America was in the throes of the Great Depression.
 * 18) On the other hand, he sought adventure and inspiration.
 * 19) Trip to Canada inspired him to write The Call of the Wild
 * 20) Canadian law stated that gold-seekers could only enter the territory if they entered with a year's worth of provisions

"Klondike Gold Rush Yukon Territory 1897." //ADVENTURE LEARNING FOUNDATION = Online Learning Expeditions//. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. []
 * 1) Klondike gold rush began in July of 1897
 * 2) two ships docked in San Francisco and Seattle carrying miners returning from the Yukon with bags of gold
 * 3) press was alerted and papers carried the story to the masses
 * 4) Soon, miners of all shapes and sizes, called "stampeders", were on their way to the gold fields
 * 5) Within six months, approximately 100,000 gold-seekers set off for the Yukon
 * 6) The easiest and more expensive route to the gold fields was by boat upstream from the mouth of the Yukon in western Alaska
 * 7) The most difficult route was the "All Canadian Route" from Edmonton and overland through the wilderness
 * 8) Conditions on the White Pass trail were even more horrendous.
 * 9) Many miners lost their lives or their possessions when their boats broke up in the rapids.
 * 10) Most of the gold was not at the surface, but rather 10 or more feet below.
 * 11) The ground had to be thawed before it could be dug
 * 12) Conditions on the White Pass trail were even more horrendous
 * 13) Steep, narrow and slick, over 3,000 pack animals died on the trail causing it to be dubbed the "dead horse trail"
 * 14) The biggest boom to hit this part of the world was a huge bust for the miners
 * 15) The Chilkoot Pass trail was steep and hazardous
 * 16) approximately 100,000 gold-seekers in 6 months
 * 17) Only 30,000 completed the trip.
 * 18) The work that was necessary to retrieve the gold was incredible
 * 19) Most of the gold was not at the surface, but rather 10 or more feet below
 * 20) Most stampeders knew little or nothing about where they were going, so pamphlets were available to help them on their way

"Unique Facts about Canada: Klondike Gold Rush." //Sheppard Software: Fun Free Online Learning Games and Activities for Kids.// Web. 29 Nov. 2011. [].
 * 1) The Klondike Gold Rush was a frenzy of gold rush immigration to and gold prospecting in the Klondike near Dawson City in the Yukon Territory, Canada, after gold was discovered in the late 19th century.
 * 2) On August 16, 1896, they discovered rich placer gold deposits in Bonanza Creek.
 * 3) George Carmack was officially credited for the discovery
 * 4) Eldorado and Hunker Creeks were rapidly staked by miners
 * 5) News reached the United States on July 17, 1897
 * 6) Miners and prospectors climb the Chilkoot Trail during the Klondike Gold Rush.
 * 7) By 1901, when the first census was taken, the population had declined to 9,000.
 * 8) Among the many to take part in the gold rush was writer Jack London
 * 9) White Fang and The Call of the Wild were influenced by his northern experiences
 * 10) The newspapers of the time termed this phenomenon "Klondicitis"
 * 11) The publicity around the gold rush led to a flurry of branded goods being put onto the market
 * 12) Even though it was not as high, conditions on White Pass were even worse\
 * 13) Was known as the dead horse trail
 * 14) An estimated 100,000 people participated in the gold rush and about 30,000 made it to Dawson City in 1898
 * 15) By 1901, when the first census was taken, the population had declined to 9,000
 * 16) Many took part in the gold rush
 * 17) Others took the Copper River Trail or the Teslin Trail by Stikine River and Teslin Lake
 * 18) Chilkoot Pass was very dangerous and steep
 * 19) Too steep for pack animals
 * 20) Prospectors had to pack there equipment and supplies to the top
 * 21) On August 16, 1896, the party discovered rich placer gold deposits in Bonanza (Rabbit) Creek