Socio-economics+of+the+1930’s

Erin's Notes- __ Social Economics of the 1930’s __ __ Websites: __ __ Notes: __ Source 1:
 * 1) "The Great Depression." //Welcome to English « Department of English, College of LAS, University of Illinois//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. []
 * 2) "WGBH American Experience . Surviving the Dust Bowl . The Great Depression | PBS." //PBS: Public Broadcasting Service//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. []
 * 3) "The Great Depression — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts." //History.com — History Made Every Day — American & World History//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. []
 * 1) Stock Market crashed
 * 2) 40% of common paper stock was gone
 * 3) Many people lost their life savings
 * 4) Value of the New York Exchange was less than 5th of what it was in 1929
 * 5) 11 thousand of the 25 thousand had failed
 * 6) the demand for things went down
 * 7) prices went up
 * 8) manufacturing output fell 54%
 * 9) unemployment raised between 12 to 15 million people
 * 10) 1929 employment rates dropped
 * 11) 1933 6 million of the work force were unemployment
 * 12) economy was in the ruins until Adolf Hitler’s rain
 * 13) Nazi work-projects were created to help create jobs
 * 14) their depression ended in 1936
 * 15) imposing tariffs
 * 16) raising existing ones
 * 17) setting quotas on foreign goods
 * 18) about a half of a country was lost without there foreign goods
 * 19) Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected for presidency
 * 20) increased government regulation
 * 21) massive public-work projects to promote recovery
 * 22) about 15% of the work force was still unemployed when entering WWII
 * 23) the great depression mostly ended when the United States entered the war

Source 2: Source 3:
 * 1) Roaring 20’s
 * 2) Jazz age
 * 3) Most Americans were buying cars or household items
 * 4) They were investing in the stock market
 * 5) Most women were smokers at the time
 * 6) Under estimated the disaster
 * 7) Believed that it would be gone within 60 days
 * 8) Believed that the federal government should not help the poor
 * 9) Focused on a trickle-down economic program to help finesse banks and businesses
 * 10) Some businesses lay off workers then to have government money
 * 11) People made a saying that if you had a pocket turned inside out that was the Hoover flag
 * 12) Poor towns were know to be Hooverville
 * 13) A rich governor from New York
 * 14) Offered America a new deal
 * 15) Elected in 1932
 * 16) Took action on the depression quickly
 * 17) Declared a 4 days bank holiday
 * 18) Had congress pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act
 * 19) Within the first 100 days in charge he laid down the ground work for the depression
 * 20) Created a political alliance of labor unions
 * 21) Blacks and others minorities, some farmers and others received government relief
 * 22) For a man to ask for help with his money, it was insulting
 * 23) Children took on new responsibilities
 * 24) Women mostly took teaching and social jobs
 * 25) The hardship of the Depression affected Americans deeply
 * 26) In the 1920’s success was earned
 * 27) The rate of women that worked increased
 * 28) African Americans were affected the most
 * 29) Most jobs were taken from the African Americans and given to the white people
 * 30) In 1930 501% of the African American population was unemployed
 * 31) Most republic African Americans switched to demarcate
 * 32) Afterwards, the government began to put the people in front of there choices
 * 1) Lasted from 1929 to 1939
 * 2) Was the longest lasting economy downward spiral on the western half of the world
 * 3) In the united states it started shortly after the stock market crashed
 * 4) Wall street crashed and with it, it took millions of investors
 * 5) Failing companies began to layoff workers
 * 6) During the depression people stopped their over spending
 * 7) The depression reached it’s peak in 1933
 * 8) Almost half of the nations banks had failed
 * 9) Roosevelt helped lesion the tension of the depression by passing the New Deal program
 * 10) The economy didn’t get better until WWII began
 * 11) In 1930 4 million Americans were looking for a job
 * 12) By 1931 it went up to 6 million
 * 13) Before election 13-15 million people were unemployed
 * 14) Closed banks for 4 days to pass a legislation and reopen banks
 * 15) Addressed the nation over the radio

Ashley Wetzel

"Facts About the Great Depression." //Learn Stock Trading with Stocks Simplified//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. . **AW** //Causes Of The Great Depression | The Great Depression | Causes, Effects, Timelines//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. . **AW** 15. Social Security, a program that continues to this day, was introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the midst of the Great Depression. 16. The “Roaring Twenties” weren’t roaring for everyone. By 1929, 1% of Americans controlled 40% of the wealth in this country. 17. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was formed in 1934 to insure deposits in banks and restore customers’ faith in the American banking system. 18. The Dust Bowl years spanned 1930-1936, when a million acres of farmland across the Plains became worthless due to severe drought and overfarming. 19. After the stock market crash in 1929, it took 27 years to reach pre-crash levels. 20. In 1939, the unemployment rate inAmerica had dropped from a high of 25% to 15%, largely due to the New Deal programs introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt. 21. Tuesday, October 29, 1929 is known as Black Tuesday because of the plunge the stock market took, and it largely symbolizes the start of the Great Depression, though the economy had been in decline for at least six months prior to that date. 22. By 1933, more than 11,000 of the nation’s 25,000 American banks had shuttered, victims of the Great Depression. 23. Hoovervilles were the catchphrase for the shantytowns that cropped up across theUnited States, as homeless Americans improvised with scraps, abandoned cars, and packing crates. 24. At its highest point during the Great Depression, unemployment reached 25% (in 1933). 25. The Great Depression began in 1929 and ended in 1941 whenAmerica prepared to enter World War II. 26. it took the economy 27 years to recover and reach the level it did before the crash
 * 1) 50% of children did not have adequate food, shelter, or medical care
 * 2) President Hoover (1930): “The worst was over.”
 * 3) Lasted for another 11 years
 * 4) Bums lived in villages called “Hovertowns” to show anger toward the president’s inability to get the economy back on track
 * 5) Stock market lost $30 billion in the 1st week of the depression
 * 6) Stock market fell 89% by the end
 * 7) 750,000 farmers declared bankruptcy
 * 8) TheEmpireStateBuildingandGolden GateBridgewere built during this time
 * 9) creating more jobs for Americans
 * 10) unemployment rate reached 24.9%
 * 11) WW2 helped to create even more jobs and pulled theUSout of the depression
 * 12) up to 40% of the population were not even effected by the depression
 * 13) movie theaters became a big thing, to escape from reality
 * 14) between 60 and 80 million Americans went to the movies each week
 * 1) the stock market crash led to a chain reaction of events
 * 2) the “Roaring Twenties” marked a time when Americans were too dependent of production
 * 3) there was an uneven distribution of wealth between rich and poverty
 * 4) after Europe’s economic decline after WW1, theUSbecame the world’s banker
 * 5) Europestarted buying less American products
 * 6) September 3, 1929: 381 points, dropped to 41 points on October 29 after a week of panic selling
 * 7) after the stock market crash, millions of Americans began withdrawing their money
 * 8) 44% of the nation’s banks had collapsed by 1933
 * 9) the bank had no money to lend to other people or businesses
 * 10) people stopped spending money, which would’ve helped the economy thrive, but the unemployment rate was too high
 * 11) unemployment reached 25% in 1933
 * 12) the drought from 1930 to 1936, known as the Dust Bowl, left farmers without crops each year
 * 13) leading to less food for them, and for them to sell to the rest of the population.
 * 14) Many of the nation’s parks, highways, and bridges were built during the Great Depression, projects designed and overseen by the WPA as part ofRoosevelt’s New Deal to put Americans to work.

"Class in the 1930's." //American Studies @ The University of Virginia//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. . **AW**
 * 1) everybody was effected by the depression to some degree
 * 2) the majority of the richest lost most of their money during the stock market crash
 * 3) upper class managed to keep most of their money
 * 4) most did not suffer from unemployment
 * 5) the upper class began to flaunt their wealth more than ever
 * 6) the lower, working class were shocked and angry
 * 7) upper class began to see lower class as their inferiors and began to resent them
 * 8) especially because the non-working poor began receiving money from the “working man’s” tax money
 * 9) they became even more angry after President Roosevelt ignored their interests

"The Great Depression - Facts, Pictures, Causes, Timeline." //Stock Picks System - World's Most Profitable Stock System//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. . **AW** 1. banks would lend money to investors in order to buy stocks 2. nearly $4 out of every $10 borrowed was used to buy stocks during the peak of the market 3. after the crash on October 29, people withdrew their money quickly 4. this led the banks to bankruptcy 5. then there was no money for the banks to lend to investors to stimulate 6. prices of food rose in order for farmers and market owners to make their money 7. the percentage of the population living in poverty increased rapidly 8. many were living out on the sidewalks, starving, and dying 9. people began hiding their money in mattresses 10. afraid to put it in the bank in fear they would crash again 11. failing companies had to lay off their workers 12. younger children lacked education 13. children worked harder than ever 14. the majority of children worked in factories 15. people migrated around the country to find work 16. jobs were limited

"Great Depression - A Short History of the Great Depression." //20th Century History//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. []
 * Michele Kettner**
 * 1) Great depression lasted from 1929 to the early 1940s
 * 2) during the stock crash people tried to sell their stocks but no one was buying
 * 3) banks were forced to close because they put their clients money into the stock market
 * 4) people rushed to the banks that were open to withdraw their money
 * 5) people who didn’t reach the bank in time went bankrupt
 * 6) many businesses started cutting back their workers hours or wage
 * 7) lack of consumer spending caused businesses to lay off workers
 * 8) great plains were hit hard with both a drought and bad dust storms
 * 9) years of overgrazing combined with the drought led to the grass to disappear
 * 10) dust storms destroyed the farm crops
 * 11) before the dust storms, tractors cut down the use for man power
 * 12) small farmers were already in debt, borrowing money and paying it back when crops came in
 * 13) when the dust storm came the small farmers couldn’t feed themselves and couldn’t pay off their debt
 * 14) banks would foreclose farms and farmers would be homeless and unemployed
 * 15) during the depression millions of people were out a job acrossAmerica
 * 16) many people traveled to find jobs around the country, many hitchhiked
 * 17) large portions of people who rode the rails were teenagers
 * 18) boarded freight trains and crisscrossed the country to find jobs
 * 19) when there was a job, thousands of people would apply for the same job
 * 20) farmers who lost their homes went toCaliforniawhere there were rumors of agricultural jobs
 * 21) people who traveled fromOklahomaandArkansastoCaliforniawere called “okies” and “arkies”
 * 22) People blamed presidentHooverfor the great depression
 * 23) during the 1932 elections Franklin D. Roosevelt beat President Hoover
 * 24) Rooseveltclosed all of the banks and wouldn’t let them reopen until they were stabilized
 * 25) started establishing programs for the new deal
 * 26) programs were named by their initials AAA (agricultural adjustment administration)
 * 27) the new program deals helped ease the hardship of the great depression
 * 28) the turn around for the economy was the bombing of pearl harbor
 * 29) jobs were made for making artillery and weapons for war
 * 30) men were trained to become soldiers and food was needed to be sent overseas

"American Cultural History - 1930-1939." //LSC-Kingwood Library//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. .
 * 1) average salary during the 1930s $1,368
 * 2) unemployment rose to 25%
 * 3) Huey long, governor ofLouisiana, proposed guaranteed annual income of $2,500
 * 4) Food prices: Milk- 14 cents a qt, bread- 9 cents a loaf, Round steak- 42 cents a pound
 * 5) during the great depression the American dream became a nightmare
 * 6) between 1929-32 the income of the American family reduced by 40% from $2,300 to $1,500
 * 7) The social security act of 1935 set up a program for an average income for the elderly
 * 8) The Wagner act of 1935 gave workers legal rights to unionize
 * 9) with money short, parents couldn’t supply their kids with clothes, supplies, and textbooks to attend school
 * 10) taxes in rural areas went unpaid
 * 11) school terms were shortened and teachers salaries were cut
 * 12) some schools were forced to make kids pay tuition to keep the school open, which forced some kids to drop out
 * 13) Dick and Jane books were made in 1931
 * 14) were produced to limit vocabulary of each book

"Stock Market Crash of 1929 — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts." //History.com — History Made Every Day — American & World History//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. .
 * 1) The great depression lasted over 10 years
 * 2) affected both industrial and nonindustrial countries of the world
 * 3) before the stock market crash, the stock market went under rapid expansion in theunited states
 * 4) prices of stocks soared and the market was then called by people, “Hoover bull market”
 * 5) people sold their mortgages to their homes and liberty bonds and put them in the market
 * 6) banks and investment companies bought a great number of stocks to stem the panic
 * 7) stock market crash was caused by a period of rampant speculation
 * 8) another cause was the tightening of credit by the federal reserve
 * 9) the proliferation of holding companies and investment trust were another thought cause (created debt)
 * 10) multitude of large bank loans that couldn’t be liquidated
 * 11) economic recession that began earlier that summer

"USA: Crisis and Class Struggle in the 1930s and Today." //In Defence of Marxism//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. .
 * 1) the low point of the depression, there were momentary upturns and then followed by steeper falls
 * 2) the DOW fell 89% from October 1929 to April 1931
 * 3) The stock market crash was not the cause of the Great Depression
 * 4) by 1933 11,000 out of 25,000 banks had failed
 * 5) corporate profits dropped from 10 billion to 1 billion
 * 6) 1929 average unemployment rate was 3%
 * 7) by 1933 25% of all workers and 37% of all non-farm workers were unemployed
 * 8) homebuilding dropped 80% from 1929 to 1932
 * 9) by 1932 34 millions Americans belonged to families with no regular full time income
 * 10) some 2 million people were left homeless
 * 11) Herbert hoover was the president at the time of the stock market crash
 * 12) European traders started buying less american products after Europe's economic decline
 * 13) money circulation had started to fall along with the economy
 * 14) amount of money circulating depended on how much gold there was
 * 15) federal reserve could have increased money circulation, but didn't