Scottsboro+Boys

Timmy's facts: "The Trials of The Scottsboro Boys." //UMKC School of Law//. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. []. "American Experience | Scottsboro: An American Tragedy | People & Events." //PBS: Public Broadcasting Service//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011.[]. "The Scottsboro Boys." //Jacquelyn Whiting; Joel Barlow High School//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. []. "The Trials of The Scottsboro Boys." //UMKC School of Law//. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. []. "Scottsboro Boys, Trial and Defense Campaign (1931–1937) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed." //| The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed//. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. []. "American Experience | Scottsboro: An American Tragedy | Timeline." //PBS: Public Broadcasting Service//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. []. J.B Mennwa's Facts: "The First Scottsboro Trials." //UMKC School of Law//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. . [] "American Experience | Scottsboro: An American Tragedy | People & Events." //PBS: Public Broadcasting Service//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. . [] "The Scottsboro Boys Trial." //Future Website of Nubiansioux//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. . []
 * 1) Victoria Price was an accuser
 * 2) Ruby Bates was the other accuser
 * 3) Orville Gilley was a key witness
 * 4) another key witness was Dr. R. R. Bridges
 * 5) james Horton was a judge on the case
 * 6) the other case judge was William Callahan
 * 7) the attorney for the boys was samuel leibowitz
 * 8) Bibb Graves was alabama's governor at the time
 * 9) the prosecutor was Thomas Knight
 * 10) Dan carter was a chronicler
 * 11) the other was James goodman
 * 12) Hayword Patterson was accused of rape
 * 13) Charles weems was part of the scottsboro boys
 * 14) so was Clarence Norris
 * 15) Andy Wright was a scottsboro boy
 * 16) so was Ozzie Powell
 * 17) Olen montgomery took part
 * 18) Eugene williams did too
 * 19) Willie Roberson was in part of the scottsboro boys too
 * 20) Roy wright was the final one accused
 * 1) Haywood got a 75-year sentence
 * 2) He requested the death sentence but was denied
 * 3) He received his punishment on January 24th, 1936
 * 4) When he was 18 he got on the train when the accident happened
 * 5) Roy Wright was first on the train with Haywood
 * 6) Along with his brother Andy wright
 * 7) They beat up white hoboes and tried to force them off the train
 * 8) this is when they were accused of rape
 * 9) He taught himself how to read in jail with a bible and dictionary
 * 10) was not liked by the people in jail or the other Scottsboro boys
 * 11) Clarence Norris said he would kill him
 * 12) Haywood only believed in his knife
 * 13) Patterson was sent to Atmore prison
 * 14) An officer paid one of Patterson’s friends to kill him in February 1941
 * 15) His friend stabbed him 20 times
 * 16) He remarkably lived through it
 * 17) Got transferred to Kilby Prison
 * 18) There he got assigned to the prison farm
 * 19) He broke from prison in 1948
 * 20) He escaped toDetroit
 * 21) The FBI caught him a few years later
 * 22) Although being caught the governor ofMichiganrefused him to be extradited inAlabama
 * 23) Patterson wrote an autobiography with a journalist
 * 24) The autobiography is called Scottsboro Boy
 * 25) The book was published 1950
 * 26) In December he got arrested for stabbing a guy to death in a bar
 * 27) He was convicted of Manslaughter and got sentenced to 6-15 years
 * 28) He died of cancer in August 24, 1954
 * 1) 2 white guys got onto the train and stepped on Haywood’s hand
 * 2) This started an argument and shouting occurred
 * 3) This happened on March 25th, 1931
 * 4) The train was coming fromChattanooga
 * 5) The train was headed toGeorgia,AlabamaandMemphis
 * 6) 1931 was the second year of the great depression
 * 7) The white guys jumped off and threw rocks at the boys
 * 8) The Scottsboro boys went to another cart to get away from them
 * 9) The train stopped at Stevenson to get water and 5 or 6 more Scottsboro boys got on
 * 10) Started a big feud and the boys won very quickly
 * 11) All whites were thrown off but Orville Gilley, the train was moving too fast
 * 12) The boys were tied up at the end of the ride and thrown in the back of a truck
 * 13) They were taken to Scottsboro
 * 14) They got the name for where they were arrested
 * 15) They were lined up and 2 women accused them of rape
 * 16) Norris called them liars and he was cut with a bayonet
 * 17) This caused a mob where the governor had to call the national guard to end
 * 18) Haywood was sentenced to 75 years in prison
 * 19) Clarence Norris was sentenced to death
 * 20) Andrew Wright was sentenced to 99 years
 * 21) Charlie Weems was sentenced to 105 years
 * 22) After assaulting a police officer, Ozie Powell was sentenced to 20 years
 * 23) Willie Roberson was sentenced to death
 * 24) Olen Montgomery got the death penalty
 * 25) Eugene Williams also received it
 * 26) As did Roy Wright
 * 27) Those for got off after 6 years in prison though
 * 1) Jake's Facts
 * 1) Judge Hawkins ordered a mistrial and the child was placed in Birmingham prison
 * 2) The two girls worked in the Margaret Mill
 * 3) The working conditions were bad and the wages were low
 * 4) The girls had no father and no sense of family
 * 5) Protest erupted across the country and as far as Paris, Moscow, and South AfricaHollace Ransdell was a journalist asked to report on the trials
 * 6) She was a teacher, journalist, economist, and activis
 * 7) In 1931 she travelled all over northernAlabamaand sotuthernTennesseeto gather info on racial tensions in the region
 * 8) At 5:45 in the morning on April 6, 1931, 118 national guard members surrounded court
 * 9) Officials and residents of Scottsboro maintained the notion that the crowd was not in “lynching spirit”
 * 10) Crowd was described as “going to a circus” and without malicious content
 * 11) The expert witness doctor to the trial stated the girls had no sign of handling on their bodies
 * 12) One citizen wished the governor not to bring soldiers so if there was a second trial she could “finish them off herself”
 * 13) The defense was willing to have all nine tried together
 * 14) The state opposed this and tried the boys in 4 separate cases
 * 15) The two oldest boys were chosen for one trial
 * 16) The chief witnesses for the prosecution were the two oldest girls
 * 17) Victoria Price was one of the two and entertained the jury and had them on her side
 * 18) The other girl, Ruby Bates, was described as a “weak witness”
 * 19) Dr. M.H. Lynch and Dr. H.H. Bridges testified as they had examined the girls after being taken off the train
 * 20) They testified that both women had recently had sexual intercourse.
 * 21) No serious signs of rough handling were evident and girls were not hysterical when first brought into the office but later became so
 * 22) Defense attorney Steven Roddy asked the doctors if it were possible to tell the difference in the sperm of a white male and one of a black male, to which they replied there wasn’t
 * 23) Roddy was intimidated in the position he was in
 * 24) At the start of the trial Roddy asked the judge to keep his name from the record
 * 25) The first case went to jury on Tuesday April 7th at 3 o’clock and the death penalty was returned in under two hours
 * 26) The second trial was for Haywood Patterson, of 910 West 19th Street, Chattanoogaon April 8th \
 * 27) The death penalty was returned in three hours
 * 28) The 5 of the 6 remaining boys were tried in the 3rd case
 * 29) Olin Montgomery, of Monroe, Georgia, 17 years old, and nearly blind; Andy Wright, of 710 West 22nd Street, Chattanooga, 18 years old; Eugene Williams, No. 3 Clark Apts., Chattanooga, Willie Robeson, 992 Michigan Ave., Atlanta, Ga., 17 years old; Ozie Powell, 107 Gilmore St., Atlanta, Ga., 16 years old were the 5 boys
 * 1) The American Communist Party (CP) was flighting racism in the South and jumped on the case
 * 2) They used their legal arm, the International Labor Defense (ILD) to defend the boys
 * 3) After the ruling the CP started protest and marches
 * 4) The CP gained widespread respect in the African American community and in the civil rights movement
 * 5) The CP and the NAACP joined forces for the Scottsboro Defense Committee
 * 6) Ruby Bates came to recall her charges against rape
 * 7) She stated she was pressured to accuse the boys
 * 8) She joined the campaign to save the boys life
 * 9) The case went to the Supreme Court in 1937
 * 10) All 9 boys were freed but it took almost 20 years for the last defendant to be freed
 * 11) "Scottsboro Boys Trial." //Spartacus Educational//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. [].
 * 12) In November 1932 the Supreme Court ordered a second trial on the basis that the boys had not been fairly defended
 * 13) Ruby Bates testified in this trial that the rape story had been created by Victoria Price and it had not taken place
 * 14) Even with this testimony they were still found guilty
 * 15) Willie Robeson was suffering from a venereal disease that made it painful and impossible for him to have committed rape
 * 16) The case went to the jury at 4 o'clock and again they returned with the death penalty
 * 17) Judge Hawkins proceeded after the 5 tried in 3rd case to pronounce death penalty on all 8 that were tried
 * 18) He set the day of execution to July 10th the earliest possible date
 * 19) The law permitted 90 days for defendants to file for appeal
 * 20) The boys were hurried through trials in under 3 days, only to follow law
 * 21) None of the boys were allowed to communicate with their families
 * 22) The 8 were sentenced to death by electric chair
 * 23) The last trial was that of 14 year old Roy Wright
 * 24) He was the younger brother of one of the 5 tried
 * 25) The authorities had more maliciousness towards him than the older boys
 * 26) The State decided to ask for life imprisonment instead of the death penalty because of his age
 * 27) At 2 in the afternoon on April 9th the jury announced that they were dead-locked and couldn't agree on a verdict
 * 1) On June 12, 1934 Judge Horton is defeated in re-election
 * 2) January 1944 Andy Wright and Clarence Norris were released on probation
 * 3) In September of the same year they flee Alabama and violate their parole
 * 4) They are returned to jail
 * 5) July 1948 Haywood Patterson escaped jail
 * 6) December 1950 Patterson is arrested for murder after a barroom fight
 * 7) 1951 Patterson is convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 6 to 15 years
 * 8) In August on 1959 Roy Wright dies
 * 9) October 1976 Alabama governor George Wallis pardons Clarence Norris
 * 10) July 12, 1977 Victoria Price sues NBC for invasion of privacy when airing //Judge Horton and the Scottsboro Boys//
 * 11) January 23, 1989 Clarence Norris the last of the Scottsboro boys dies
 * 12) January of 1933 ILD asks Samuel Leibowitz to take control of defense because of inability to pay fees
 * 13) January of 1932 NAACP withdraws from case
 * 14) June 22, 1931 execution was suspended on Supreme Court ruling
 * 1) Victoria Price (accuser)
 * 2) Born in Fayetteville, Tennessee
 * 3) Has been married but separated and kept her maiden name
 * 4) Various ages of 19, 20, and 21 claimed by her, 24 claimed by her mother, and 27 claimed by social workers and neighbors
 * 5) Lived in a little unpainted shack on 313 Arms Street Huntsville
 * 6) Lively and talkative
 * 7) Cocky but good looking
 * 8) Spits snuff with aim
 * 9) Worked in the mills for 10 years
 * 10) Has a reputation as a prostitute
 * 11) Drunk
 * 12) Ruby Bates (accuser)
 * 13) Better reputation than Victoria
 * 14) Quiet and well behaved until she knew Victoria
 * 15) 17 years old
 * 16) Large good looking girl, shy
 * 17) Spits snuff on floor continuously while talking
 * 18) Lives In clean unpainted shack at 24 Depot Street
 * 19) Only white family on the black in ‘Negro section’ of town
 * 20) 5 children in family, 3 at home and one mother
 * 21) Father is in Tennessee and visits occasionally
 * 22) Doesn’t act like white supremacy, forced to live with equality
 * 23) Works in mill
 * 24) Impressed with the publicity of the case
 * 25) Resented Victoria in the case as she got pushed aside and called slow and stupid
 * 1) Haywood Patterson (defendant)
 * 2) 1913- 1952
 * 3) Born in Elberton, Georgia
 * 4) Went to school until 3rd grade
 * 5) Went into jail illiterate but learned with a dictionary and bible to write and wrote letters home
 * 6) Not well liked by the other boys
 * 7) In jail, a guard paid one of his friends to stab him
 * 8) Got stabbed 20 times, puncturing a lung, but survived
 * 9) Escaped twice from prison, and caught by FBI in Michigan where he worked with a journalist to write an autobiography published in 1950
 * 10) After a bar fight resulting in him stabbing and sentenced with manslaughter
 * 11) After only 1 year in jail, died of cancer august 24th, 1952
 * 12) Charles Weems (defendant)
 * 13) Born in 1911 in Chattanooga, Tennessee
 * 14) Mother died when he was 4
 * 15) Soon after 6 of his 7 siblings died
 * 16) Father became ill and he lived with his aunt in Riverdale, GA
 * 17) When on his way home, he got pulled from the train
 * 18) At 2o years old, he didn’t know any of the other defendants
 * 19) Sentenced 75 years
 * 20) Tear gassed in his cell for reading
 * 21) In prison hospital for tuberculosis
 * 22) In mistaken identity, was stabbed
 * 23) Paroled in 1943, got a job, settled, married, but tear gassed bothered eye
 * 1) Clarence Norris (defendant)
 * 2) Born in 1912 to a former slave
 * 3) At 7 he worked in the fields sharecropped
 * 4) At 19 he took a trip on the railroad, instead was arrested with tens he didn’t know
 * 5) Was on death row most of the time and haunted by executions he heard from his cell
 * 6) Sentenced to death 3 times, and life once
 * 7) Paroled in 1944 but jailed again and paroled in 1946
 * 8) Assumed brothers identity
 * 9) 2 marriages began and ended quickly
 * 10) Arrested a few times for guns, gabbling, and stabbing a girlfriend
 * 11) 1960s had 3rd wife and kids
 * 12) October 25th, 1976, last of nine boys, officially declared not guilty
 * 13) Died January 23rd,1989 after speaking tour, autobiography, diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease
 * 14) Andy Wright (defendant)
 * 15) Born march 25th 1931
 * 16) On train for Alabama with little brother (Roy) and 2 friends (Patterson and Eugene)
 * 17) In 1937, sentenced to 99 years
 * 18) Assaulted by gaurds in prison and hospitalized in prison
 * 19) Paroled in 1943 and went to work in Montgomery
 * 20) Jailed but paroled again in 1950
 * 21) Last boy to leave jail
 * 22) Not mad at Victoria because she lied, feels sorry because she probably doesn’t sleep at night
 * 23) Accused of rape again but detectives proved his story of just buying a present for her
 * 24) Stabbed wife during fight but she didn’t charge, and had to leave Albany for good