John+Marshall

Kent, Newmyer. "john marshall." http://www.answers.com/topic/john-marshall__. answers.com. 26 Jan 2009 . Jhon Marshel Born: September 24, 1755 Birthplace: Fauquier County, Virginia Died: 6 July 1835 Publicly Known As: Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1801-35

Pre-accepted into court Post "the supreme court historical society." [|http://www.supremecourthistory.org__]. historical society. 30 Jan 2009 . \ Birth "historic valley forge." [|http://www.ushistory.org]. .org. 30 Jan 2009 . "John Marshall." www.spiritu-temporis.com. .com. 2 Feb 2009 . Marbury v. Madison (1803) Fletcher v. Peck (1816) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) Cohens v. Virginia (1821) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Worcester v. Georgia (1832) T.R "bio true story." www.biography.com. .com. 3 Feb 2009 .
 * Born in //Fauquier County, Virginia// T.R
 * He attended the College of William and Mary for only two years.T.R
 * Studied under the tutelage of jurist //George Wythe.// T.R
 * Beyond that, his father taught him rudimentary math T.R
 * Deepened his love of English literature T.R
 * Introduced him to black‐stone's Commentaries on the Laws of England T.R
 * Kept him abreast of political developments in pre‐Revolutionary Virginia. T.R
 * He was appointed in 1801 by President John Adams to save the Constitution from the Jeffersonian Republicans. T.R
 * in the 1803 case of Marbury v. Madison, in which Marshall asserted the power of the court to overturn legislation deemed unconstitutional.T.R
 * Adams appointed him to be an envoy to France during the XYZ Affair but Marshall refused efore Adams named him Secretary of State and then Chief Justice T.R
 * Marshall was famously at odds with his distant cousin, Thomas Jefferson T.R
 * Even during the trial of Aaron Burr ,who was being tried for treason, and was acquitted after Marshall ruled that two witnesses were needed prove the charge. T.R
 * He inlisted as an officer in the Culpepper Minutemen and later in the continental line, Marshall saw action at the battles of Great Bridge, Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth Courthouse.T.R
 * Wintering at Valley Forge instilled in him a lifelong hatred of state provincialism and feckless national government.T.R
 * While serving as deputy judge advocate he met several members of General George Washingtons staff who would later become champions of national union.T.R
 * Marshall resumed his legal studies in 1780 by briefly attending the law lectures of George Wythe at William and Mary.T.R
 * specializing in noncriminal appellete cases T.R
 * His only case before the Supreme Court, which he lost, was ware vs hylton.T.R
 * He made his debut as a nationalist in the Virginia ratifying convention of 1788, where he spoke effectively in defense of federal judicial authority.T.R
 * At Washington's advise he agreed to serve in Congress, where he became the leading spokesman for the moderate Federalism of President Adams. T.R
 * His most important innovation was to persuade his colleagues to abandon seriatam opinions, thus making it possible for the Court to speak authoritatively in a single voiceT.R
 * His first great effort as spokesman for the whole Court was Marbury v. MadisonT.R
 * By ruling that the Eleventh Amendment was no bar to Appealate juristiction, he further limited that amendment as a states' rights curb on judicial authorityT.R
 * Another theme running through Marshall's constitutional opinions was vested rightsT.R
 * As an extensive land speculator he learned firsthand the Lockhean principle that property and individual liberty were connected.T.R
 * John marshall was born on September 24, 1755, in Germantown, Virginia. T.R
 * After service in the Revolutionary War, he attended a course of law lectures conducted by George Wythe at the College of William and Mary. T.R
 * Marshall was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1782, 1787, and 1795. In 1797, he accepted appointment as one of three envoys sent on a diplomatic mission to France. T.R
 * Although offered appointment to the United States Supreme Court in 1798, Marshall preferred to remain in private practiced. T.R
 * Marshall was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1799, and in 1800 was appointed Secretary of State by President John Adams. T.R
 * Next year president adams nominated Marshall Chief Justice of the United States and the Senate confirmed the appointment on January 27, 1801.T.R
 * Marshall continued to serve as Secretary of State throughout President Adams’ term.T.R
 * Marshall served as Chief Justice for 34 years, the longest tenure of any Chief Justice. T.R
 * During his tenure, he helped establish the Supreme Court as the final authority on the meaning of the Constitution. T.R
 * Marshall died on July 6, 1835, at the age of seventy-nine.
 * He served first as lieutenant, and after July, 1778, as captain in the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War. T.R
 * John Marshall spent the winter of 1777-1778 with the troops in Valley Forge. T.R
 * In 1781, he resigned his military commission and studied law. T.R
 * In 1786, he won a case of great importance regarding land known as the northern neck of Virginia. Hite v. Fairfax: Involved the original title of Lord Fairfax to the large tract of country between the headwaters of the Potomac and Rappahannock. T.R
 * From this time, he maintained leadership of the bar of Virginia. T.R
 * He was a member of the Virginia assembly in 1782-91 and 1795-1797. T.R
 * He took a leading part in the Virginia convention called to act in 1788 on the proposed Constitution of the United States.
 * In 1795 he was offered the attorney-generalship by Washington and the position of the Minister to France in 1796. He declined both offers. T.R
 * He did spend the autumn and winter of 1797-98 in France as one of the three commissioners appointed by John Adams to adjust the differences between the young republic and the directory. T.R
 * Because of the resentment felt by the public at large of the way the commission was treated in France, he returned to United States exceedingly popular. T.R
 * He was Secretary of State under Adams from June 6, 1800 to March 4, 1801. T.R
 * In the meantime he had been appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, his commission bearing the date January 31. T.R
 * After the death of George Washington, as an expression of his love and loyalty, Chief Justice Marshall hastily composed a biography of his revered chief . T.R
 * It contained five volumes. In 1832 he shortened the work to two volumes with an introductory book of Colonial history.T.R
 * On a personal note, John Marshall married Mary Willis Ambler in 1782. She was the daughter of the then treasurer of Virginia. They had ten children, six of whom grew to full age. T.R
 * His wife died in 1831 and he was never quite the same again. On returning from Washington in 1835, he was in a stagecoach accident, suffering severe injuries. T.R
 * His health, which had not been good, rapidly declined and in June he returned to Philadelphia for medical assistance. T.R
 * There he died on July 6. His body was taken to Richmond and he was buried in Shockhoe Hill cemetery. T.R
 * As a tribute to his judicial service a bronze statue stands on the lower west terrace of the Capitol. T.R
 * It represents the Chief Justice, sitting in his judicial robe, expounding some subject of great interest to him. The statue looks toward the monument of Washington whom he so greatly admired.T.R
 * Later, Marshall was asked by John Adams to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, but instead Marshall opted to run for a position in Congress. T.R
 * He was elected in 1799, but Adams appointed Marshall as Secretary of State on June 6, 1800. T.R
 * Here he strongly opposed violations of American rights on the high seas and adopted a policy which necessitated a strong Navy to give force to American diplomatic protests. T.R
 * Appointed Chief Justice on January 20, 1801, Marshall continued to serve as Secretary of State until the end of Adams' administration March 4, 1801. T.R
 * At 45 years of age at the time of his appointment, Marshall was the youngest Chief Justice in U.S. history. T.R
 * In the United States Supreme Court, Marshall made his greatest contributions to the development of American government. T.R
 * In which the principle of judicial review was simply stated by Marshall: "A legislative act contrary to the Constitution is not law." T.R
 * Marshall again and again interpreted the Constitution broadly so that the Federal Government had the power to become a respected and creative force guiding and encouraging the nation's growth. T.R
 * As Chief Justice he embodied the majesty of the Judicial Branch of the government as fully as the President stood for the power of the Executive Branch. T.R
 * Marshall wrote several important Supreme Court opinions, including
 * Marshall served as Chief Justice through five presidential administrations, a stalwart proponent of Federalism and nemesis of the Jeffersonian school of government throughout its heyday.T.R
 * While Chief Justice, Marshall wrote a five-volume biography of George Washington, The Life of George Washington. T.R
 * Marshall died July 6, 1835 at the age of 79, having served as Chief Justice for over 34 years. T.R
 * Marshall was a very active Freemason during his adult life. T.R
 * He was elected the Worshipful Master of the Grand Lodge of Virginia from 1793-95.T.R
 * John Marshall was the eldest of 15 children of Thomas Marshall, a sheriff, justice of the peace, and land surveyor who came to own some 200,000 acresT.R
 * who was a leading figure in Prince William county T.R
 * Marshall's childhood and youth were spent in the near-frontier region of Fauquier county, and he later lived in the Blue Ridge mountain area where his father had acquired properties. T.R
 * When political debate with England was followed by armed clashes in 1775, Marshall, as lieutenant, joined his father in a Virginia regiment of minutemen and participated in the first fighting in that colony. T.R
 * He eventually rose to the rank of captain, and when the term of service of his Virginia troops expired in 1779, Marshall returned to Virginia and thereafter saw little active service prior to his discharge in 1781. T.R
 * John Adams to serve as a member of a commission, with Elbridge Gerry and Charles C. Pinckney, that unsuccessfully sought to improve relations with the government of France. After the mission, reports were published that disclosed that certain intermediaries, some shadowy figures known as X, Y, and Z, had approached the commissioners and informed them that they would not be received by the French government unless they first paid large bribes.T.R
 * Licensed to practice law in August 1780, Marshall returned to Fauquier county and was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1782 and 1784. T.R
 * Attending the sessions of the legislature in the state capital at Richmond, he established a law practice there and made the city his home after his marriage to Mary Ambler in January 1783. T.R
 * For the next 15 years Marshall's career was marked by increasing stature at the bar of Virginia and within Virginia politics. T.R